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Entities

Other ARPANET
By Walid Daboubi

1969

US defense network that pioneered packet switching.
Event Abolition of U.S. slavery
By Walid Daboubi

1865

13th Amendment ended chattel slavery.
Event Age of Exploration
By Walid Daboubi

1455 – 1600

Oceanic voyages seeking new trade routes after old paths closed.
Figure Alexander the Great
By Walid Daboubi

356 BCE – 323 BCE

Conquered from Greece to India, spreading Hellenic knowledge.
Place Alexandria
By Walid Daboubi

331 BCE

Library city where knowledge was collected and translated.
Other Algebra
By Walid Daboubi

850

Symbolic mathematics that unlocked later science and engineering.
Event American Revolution
By Walid Daboubi

1775 – 1783

Colonial revolt that created a rights-based republic.
Figure Aristotle
By Walid Daboubi

384 BCE – 322 BCE

Systematized logic and science for a millennium.
Event Atomic bombing of Hiroshima
By Walid Daboubi

1945

First combat use of a nuclear weapon.
Place Baghdad
By Walid Daboubi

762

Abbasid capital of translation and science.
Event Black Death
By Walid Daboubi

1347 – 1353

Pandemic that killed tens of millions and remade labor.
Place British Empire
By Walid Daboubi

1707 – 1997

Global empire of trade, industry, and colonial rule.
Place Byzantine Empire
By Walid Daboubi

330 – 1453

Eastern Rome that preserved classical texts.
Place Carthage
By Walid Daboubi
Other Christianity
By Walid Daboubi

33

Faith that reshaped Roman and later European institutions.
Event Civil Rights Movement
By Walid Daboubi

1955 – 1968

Mass struggle against US racial segregation.
Event Cold War
By Walid Daboubi

1947 – 1991

Bipolar rivalry short of direct US–USSR war.
Place Colonial Americas
By Walid Daboubi

1492 – 1800

European colonies built on conquest and plantation labor.
Event Columbian Exchange
By Walid Daboubi

1492 – 1600

Biological and economic transfer across the Atlantic.
Figure Constantine
By Walid Daboubi

272 – 337

Emperor who legalized Christianity.
Place Constantinople
By Walid Daboubi

330 – 1453

Eastern Roman capital and knowledge hub.
Event Crucifixion of Jesus
By Walid Daboubi

30

Roman execution that became Christianity's founding story.
Other Cuneiform
By Walid Daboubi

3200 BCE

Earliest widespread writing — records that made empires administrable.
Event Decolonization
By Walid Daboubi

1945 – 1975

Collapse of European empires across Asia and Africa.
Event End of apartheid
By Walid Daboubi

1994

South Africa's negotiated transition to democracy.
Other Enlightenment
By Walid Daboubi

1685 – 1800

Rights, reason, and critique of absolute power.
Event Fall of Constantinople
By Walid Daboubi

1453

Ottoman conquest that closed old spice routes and pushed scholarship west.
Event Fall of the Berlin Wall
By Walid Daboubi

1989

Symbol of Cold War collapse.
Event French Revolution
By Walid Daboubi

1789 – 1799

Overthrew monarchy and broadcast citizen rights.
Figure Galileo Galilei
By Walid Daboubi

1564 – 1642

Telescope observer who challenged Aristotelian cosmology.
Event Great Depression
By Walid Daboubi

1929 – 1939

Global economic collapse that radicalized politics.
Place Han Dynasty
By Walid Daboubi

206 BCE – 220

Chinese empire that standardized paper-era administration.
Figure Hannibal Barca
By Walid Daboubi

b. 247 BCE

Hannibal Barca (247–183/181 BCE) was a famous Carthaginian general and military strategist who fought against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War. He is widely remembered as one of the greatest military commanders in world history.
Event Holocaust
By Walid Daboubi

1941 – 1945

Nazi genocide of six million Jews and millions of others.
Other House of Wisdom
By Walid Daboubi

830

Translation and research center of the Abbasid age.
Other Human rights idea
By Walid Daboubi

1789

Claim that persons hold rights against power.
Event Indian Independence
By Walid Daboubi

1947

End of British rule in India.
Event Industrial Revolution
By Walid Daboubi

1760 – 1840

Factories, cities, and fossil-powered growth.
Other Internet
By Walid Daboubi

1983

Global packet network of networks.
Figure Isaac Newton
By Walid Daboubi

1643 – 1727

Unified celestial and terrestrial physics.
Other Islam
By Walid Daboubi

610

Faith and civilization that spanned continents.
Figure Jesus of Nazareth
By Walid Daboubi

4 BCE – 30 CE

Teacher whose followers founded Christianity.
Other League of Nations
By Walid Daboubi

1920 – 1946

Failed first attempt at collective security.
Figure Mahatma Gandhi
By Walid Daboubi

1869 – 1948

Led nonviolent mass resistance against colonial rule.
Figure Mansa Musa
By Walid Daboubi

1280 – 1337

Mali emperor whose pilgrimage displayed African gold wealth.
Figure Martin Luther King Jr.
By Walid Daboubi

1929 – 1968

Pastor who led nonviolent campaigns for equality.
Event Meiji Restoration
By Walid Daboubi

1868

Japan's crash modernization under imperial threat.
Place Mongol Empire
By Walid Daboubi

1206 – 1368

Largest contiguous land empire; remade Eurasian routes.
Event Moon landing
By Walid Daboubi

1969

Apollo 11 put humans on another world.
Figure Napoleon
By Walid Daboubi

1799 – 1821

General-emperor whose wars redrew Europe.
Figure Nelson Mandela
By Walid Daboubi

1918 – 2013

Prisoner-turned-president of a democratic South Africa.
Other Nuclear weapons
By Walid Daboubi

1945

Existential weapons that reshaped strategy and diplomacy.
Place Ottoman Empire
By Walid Daboubi

1299 – 1922

Gunpowder empire bridging Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Other Paper
By Walid Daboubi

105

Cheaper writing surface that multiplied literacy.
Other Papyrus
By Walid Daboubi

3000 BCE

Egyptian writing surface that carried administration and literature.
Place People's Republic of China
By Walid Daboubi

1949

Communist China that later opened to global markets.
Other Personal computer
By Walid Daboubi

1975

Home machines that demanded networks.
Figure Plato
By Walid Daboubi

428 BCE – 348 BCE

Founded the Academy; wrote dialogues that trained Western thought.
Other Printing press
By Walid Daboubi

1450

Movable type that mass-produced books and pamphlets.
Event Protestant Reformation
By Walid Daboubi

1517 – 1648

Religious revolt that shattered Latin Christendom's monopoly.
Other Renaissance
By Walid Daboubi

1400 – 1600

European rebirth of classical learning and art.
Place Rome
By Walid Daboubi

753 BCE – 476

Mediterranean superpower whose law and roads shaped later Europe.
Event Russian Revolution
By Walid Daboubi

1917 – 1923

Bolshevik seizure that created the Soviet state.
Other Scientific Revolution
By Walid Daboubi

1600 – 1700

Empirical method that remade how Europeans knew nature.
Place Silk Road
By Walid Daboubi

200 BCE

Eurasian trade corridors that moved goods, germs, and ideas.
Figure Socrates
By Walid Daboubi

470 BCE – 399 BCE

Athens gadfly who made questioning a civic practice.
Place Soviet Union
By Walid Daboubi

1922 – 1991

Communist superpower and Cold War pole.
Event Space Race
By Walid Daboubi

1957 – 1969

Prestige contest that funded rockets and computing.
Event Sputnik
By Walid Daboubi

1957

First satellite — Soviet shock that ignited the Space Race.
Other Steam engine
By Walid Daboubi

1712

Machine power that industrialized production.
Event Transatlantic slave trade
By Walid Daboubi

1501 – 1867

Forced migration of millions of Africans to the Americas.
Event Treaty of Versailles
By Walid Daboubi

1919

Punitive peace that poisoned German politics.
Event U.S. Civil War
By Walid Daboubi

1861 – 1865

War that ended legal slavery in the United States.
Other United Nations
By Walid Daboubi

1945

Postwar forum for peace, rights, and development.
Place United States
By Walid Daboubi

1776

Republic that became an industrial and Cold War superpower.
Event World War I
By Walid Daboubi

1914 – 1918

Industrial total war that shattered empires.
Event World War II
By Walid Daboubi

1939 – 1945

Global war of annihilation and liberation.
Other World Wide Web
By Walid Daboubi

1989

Hyperlinked documents that made the Internet human-scale.